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Does not activating the flight mode cause the plane to crash

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Flight mode
Many airlines ask passengers to put their phones in flight mode during the flight to avoid accidents; But how true is this belief?

Does not activating the flight mode cause the plane to crash?

It has probably happened that when boarding the plane and before the flight, the flight attendant will ask you to turn off all your electronic devices or put your mobile phones on flight mode. Airplane mode prevents the device from receiving and sending radio waves by disabling all wireless device connections, such as cellular network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. At first glance, it may seem logical to put the phone in flight mode, but how true is the belief that using the phone while flying will be disastrous?

Using a mobile phone while flying

In 2022, Europe will allow passengers to make phone calls and use the Internet to do their work during the flight. But to do this, all planes had to install a device called “Pico-cells”. Picocell is a device similar to a traffic controller that prevents cell phone signals from interfering with aircraft communication systems.

By installing Picocell in the plane, you can easily connect to the Internet

You might think to yourself that picocell is a very new technology, but it is interesting to know that 20 years have passed since the creation of these devices. Before we delve into the myth of airplane flight mode, let’s learn a little more about picocells.

What is Picocell?

Before getting acquainted with the concept of picocell, it is necessary to get acquainted with the definition of tuberculosis. The area covered by telecommunication waves, towers, or base stations in mobile phone networks is called a cell. Base stations are the very tall towers you see along roads or highways. To better understand this concept, divide the whole city into small pieces like a beehive. Each segment is a tube covered by one of the Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). By placing all cells next to each other, the entire city can be covered by telecommunication waves.

Base station on the hillbase station

Note that there are different types of cells and their type depends on the coverage of telecommunication waves. “Femto-cell” refers to the smallest cell and “Macro-cell” refers to the largest cell. Therefore, the range of cells varies from a few meters to tens of kilometers. Some mobile phone operators sell Femtocell directly to their users in order to improve home network coverage. Using the Femtocell is very simple, just plug it into the power outlet, then connect the Ethernet cable from the Femtocell to your router or modem.

The mobile network generally consists of two parts:

  • Radio network: This section consists of all the equipment and infrastructure that is required to send and receive radio signals between mobile devices and base stations. BTSs act as the interface between the mobile network and user devices.
  • Core network: This section includes all the equipment and infrastructure used to manage and route calls, messages, and data in the mobile network.

Note that the mobile network is also composed of other parts, but for simplicity, we will focus only on the two radio networks and the core. Femtocells, microcells, macrocells, and picocells are part of the radio network. These cells connect your mobile phone to the radio network by creating a suitable network coverage. Next, the radio network will be connected to the mobile core network. The connection between the base station and the network core is called Backhaul.

Mobile network operators use cell towers or base stations to create mobile network coverage. As we said, the coverage area where the base station signals can successfully reach the mobile phone is called TB. Mobile phone operators have deployed a large number of base stations for nationwide network coverage.

Read More: Kansai International Airport, Japan

Each base station consists of a certain number of cells. The cells in the mobile network have different sizes. The size of each tube depends on the area to be covered. Cells are represented using hexagons connected to each other (image below). A group of interconnected cells is called a cluster.

Hexagonal cells that are placed next to each other and cover the mobile network in a certain range.Hexagonal cells next to each other

Cells are connected to each other. Therefore, you can easily go from one point to another without disconnecting your mobile phone. Microcells are primary cells that provide primary coverage within the mobile network.

As we mentioned at the beginning of this section, tuberculosis has different sizes. Different types of cells in the mobile network are shown in the image below. The smallest cell is called femtocell and the largest cell is called microcell. Femtocells cover up to 10 meters and macrocells up to tens of kilometers. Picocells are larger than femtocells and macrocells are larger than picocells.

The use of different types of tubes in different places

An important question that may arise is why we need cells of small and large sizes. When using a mobile phone and communicating, the quality of the communication and the coverage of the telecommunication network are of great importance. Adequate coverage means that signals can successfully travel from the base station to the mobile device and vice versa. The use of cells with different sizes in the mobile network has several advantages. These benefits include increased capacity, coverage, signal quality, and traffic management.

Smaller cells are cheaper than larger cells because they require less equipment and infrastructure. Four cells are compared in the table below.

type of tuberculosis

Range in kilometers or meters

Uses

femtocell

up to 10 meters

Home or small businesses

picocell

Up to 200 meters

Stores with big companies

microcell

Up to 2 km

Streets, train stations or very busy buildings

macrocell

up to tens of kilometers

Highways or sparsely populated areas

Comparison table of types of tuberculosis

The femtocell is the smallest tube. In most cases, mobile operators sell these cells to their customers as signal boosters. These cells can cover an area up to 10 meters radius.

Different cells together allow access to the Internet, even in the most remote places

Picocells are larger than femtocells. These cells can provide coverage and capacity up to a radius of 200 meters. Smaller cells provide more capacity for users in densely populated areas and reduce interference between users. Also, they use radio frequencies more efficiently.

Mobile phone operators are responsible for managing and setting up picocells. Therefore, these cells must be professionally installed and connected to the main power and “backhaul” like any normal base station. Picocells are commonly used in buildings and stores, and from 2022 onward in airplanes.

An airplane flies over a telecommunication tower.

Small cells cover small areas and are typically used to provide adequate coverage in areas where macrocell signals cannot successfully reach, such as inside buildings or tunnels. Picocells use different radio frequencies than macrocells. This allows them to deliver stronger signals in smaller areas without interfering with macrocells.

The most important advantages of using picocells are:

  • Better coverage: Picocells provide a stronger signal compared to macrocells.
  • More capacity: Picocells support more users in a certain area. This issue is of great importance in high-traffic places, such as shopping centers and stadiums.
  • Better quality of service: Picocells offers better quality of service, such as better voice clarity and higher data rates.
  • Lower cost: Picocells are more economical than macrocells due to their smaller size and lower power consumption.

Although the use of picocell has many advantages, its disadvantages such as covering small areas, interference (loss of quality), and complexity cannot be ignored.

Microcells are larger than picocells and cover a radius of up to two kilometers. Macrocells are the basic cells that mobile operators use to provide basic network coverage.

Now that we are familiar with the types of cells and the use of picocells, let’s discuss the issue of activating the flight mode of mobile phones in airplanes and the history of this misconception.

Where did the story of activating the airplane mode start?

Nowadays, mobile phones have become an integral part of our lives and it is not strange that we want to still have access to the ability to make calls and use the Internet in any situation, including during a plane flight.

The American Civil Aviation Organization first suggested activating flight mode in airplanes in 1963

The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has concluded that portable electronic devices such as cell phones can interfere with aircraft radios and other electronic systems. This led to concerns regarding the use of these devices while flying.

The FAA first published rules in 1963 to address this concern. According to these rules, airlines are the best option for choosing the allowed electronic devices on board. In 1991, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) banned the use of cell phones and other wireless devices on airplanes. The ban included wireless devices using the 800 MHz frequency. The 800 MHz frequency is used for a wide range of terrestrial telecommunications services, including mobile services.

Someone is working with a laptop in the plane.

The ban was imposed due to possible interference with wireless networks on Earth. The FAA recommends that airlines turn off portable electronic devices capable of transmitting signals, including cell phones, during flight to comply with FCC rules and to minimize risk to aircraft radios and other electrical and electronic systems.

At first glance, the establishment of these rules may seem logical. But in 2005, a member of the Communications Commission emphasized that due to the use of picocells, there would be no problem with using mobile phones while flying. Nicholas Sabatini, the then CEO of the FAA, believed that due to technological advances, there may no longer be a need to ban cell phone use on airplanes.

However, the ban on the use of mobile phones remained as the law. In 2013, Tom Wheeler, the new CEO of the FCC, tried to make a big change by lifting the ban on making calls and using the Internet while flying. But this issue caused a big controversy.

What do the opponents and supporters of activating the airplane mode say?

For some people, using a cell phone while flying is like a “cage fight” at 35,000 feet. These people say that as much as cage fighting is dangerous for the contestants, the use of cell phones while flying can also endanger the lives of passengers. Also, this group believes that making calls during the flight will cause inconvenience to the passengers and cause discomfort and stress to them because the space of the plane is small.

Someone is talking on a cell phone on the plane and another person is looking at him angrily.Using mobile phones while flying may cause stress and anger in passengers

On the other hand, the other group believes that due to the advancement of technology and since there is no possibility of interference of mobile waves with aircraft navigation equipment, there is no need to ban the use of mobile phones in airplanes. According to them, governments should not interfere in the way airlines manage and serve passengers, and airlines should be able to decide for themselves. They also say that when we have coped with the crying of babies, the incessant conversation of passengers, and their commuting, why should the conversation be on our line phone?

Why has airplane mode activation become a popular belief?

This, like many other beliefs, is mostly accepted due to habit and popular belief. Many travelers believe that turning on airplane mode, like doing many other things while flying, not only keeps them safe but also prevents passengers from getting angry during the flight. However, there is no evidence of a relationship between passenger anger and in-flight cell phone use.

Some say that talking on the phone on the plane annoys the passengers

Today, passengers on most flights can connect to Wi-Fi, make voice calls, and surf the Internet by paying a small fee. If more aircraft use picocells, it’s likely that these things can be done for free. While Wi-Fi calling is available on some airlines, SIM card calling is still prohibited on many flights.

The truth is that cell phones haven’t caused any disruption to aircraft electrical systems or ground wireless services for years, and it was even possible to make in-flight calls with Airfone phones until 2013. It seems that the main reason for the flight mode legend to remain is the airline’s policy, the annoyance of passengers from the sound of other passengers’ conversations, and the torment of people’s own consciences.

Someone is using a laptop in the plane.

Finally, putting the mobile phone in flight mode is still one of the important debates for which the definitive result has not been determined. Currently, many airlines require passengers to put their phones in flight mode; But European lawmakers are trying to lift the ban on making calls on airplanes. Probably the day when all airlines end this ban, the name of the “flight mode” option in smartphones will be changed; Or maybe it will stay that way, and years from now people will be asking themselves why disabling all phone connections is called Airplane Mode.

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Unveiling of OpenAI new artificial intelligence capabilities

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OpenAI

OpenAI claims that its free GPT-4o model can talk, laugh, sing, and see like a human. The company is also releasing a desktop version of ChatGPT’s large language model.

 Unveiling of OpenAI new artificial intelligence capabilities

Yesterday, OpenAI introduced the GPT-4o artificial intelligence model, which is a completely new model of the company’s artificial intelligence, which according to OpenAI is a step closer to a much more natural human-computer interaction.
This new model accepts any combination of text, audio, and image as input and can produce output in all three formats. It can also detect emotions, allow the user to interrupt it mid-speech, and respond almost as quickly as a human during a conversation.
In the live broadcast of the introduction of this new model, Meera Moratti, Chief Technology Officer of OpenAI, said: “The special thing about GPT-4o is that GPT-4 level intelligence has been made available to everyone, including our free users. This is the first time we’ve taken a big step forward in ease of use.
During the unveiling of the model, OpenAI demonstrated the GPT-4o, which translates live between English and Italian, with its intuitive ability to help a researcher solve a linear equation on paper in an instant, just by listening to The breaths of an OpenAI executive give him advice on deep breathing.
The letter “o” in the name of the GPT-4o model stands for the word “Omni”, which is a reference to the multifaceted capabilities of this model.
OpenAI said that GPT-4o is trained with text, images, and audio, meaning all input and output is processed by a neural network. This differs from the company’s previous models, including the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, which allowed users to ask questions just by speaking, but then converted the speech to text. This would cause tone and emotion to be lost and interactions to slow down.
OpenAI will make this new model available for free to everyone, including ChatGPT users, over the next few weeks, and will also initially release a desktop version of ChatGPT for Apple computers (Mac) for users who have purchased a subscription, starting today. They will have access to it. The introduction of the new OpenAI model took place one day before the Google I/O event, which is the company’s annual developer conference.
OpenAI
It should be noted that shortly after OpenAI introduced GPT-4o, Google also presented a version of its artificial intelligence known as Gemini with similar capabilities.
While the GPT-4 model excelled at tasks related to image and text analysis, the GPT-4o model integrates speech processing and expands its range of capabilities.

Natural human-computer interaction

According to OpenAI, the GPT-4o model is a step towards a much more natural human-computer interaction that accepts any combination of text, audio, and image as input and produces any combination of text, audio and image.
This model can respond to voice inputs in less than 232 milliseconds, with an average speed of 320 milliseconds, which is similar to the response time of humans in a conversation.
This model matches the performance of the GPT-4 Turbo model on English text and code with a significant improvement in converting text to non-English languages while being much faster and 50% cheaper via application programming interface (API). The GPT-4o model is especially better in visual and audio understanding compared to existing models.

What exactly does the introduction of this model mean for users?

The GPT-4o model significantly enhances the experience of ChatGPT, OpenAI’s wildly popular AI chatbot. Users can now interact with ChatGPT like a personal assistant, ask it questions and even hang it up wherever they want.
Additionally, as mentioned, OpenAI is introducing a desktop version of ChatGPT along with a revamped user interface.
“We recognize the increasing complexity of these models, but our goal is to make the interaction experience more intuitive and seamless,” Moratti emphasized. We want users to focus on working with GPT instead of being distracted by the UI. Our new model can reason text, audio, and video in real-time. This model is versatile, fun to work with, and a step toward a much more natural form of human-computer interaction, and even human-computer-computer interaction.
The GPT-4o model has also been extensively reviewed by more than 70 experts in areas such as social psychology, bias and fairness, and misinformation to identify risks introduced or enhanced by the newly added methods. OpenAI has used these learnings to develop safety interventions to improve the safety of interacting with GPT-4o. The members of the OpenAI team demonstrated their audio skills during the public presentation of this new model. A researcher named Mark Chen emphasized its ability to gauge emotions and noted its adaptability to user interruptions.
Chen demonstrated the model’s versatility by requesting a bedtime story in a variety of tones, from dramatic to robotic, and even had it read to him. As mentioned, this new model is available for free to all ChatGPT users. Until now, GPT-4 class models were only available to people who paid a monthly subscription.
“This is important to us because we want to make great AI tools available to everyone,” said OpenAI CEO Sam Altman.

Strong market for generative artificial intelligence

OpenAI is leading the way in productive AI alongside Microsoft and Google, as companies across sectors rush to integrate AI-powered chatbots into their services to stay competitive.
For example, Anthropic, a competitor of OpenAI, recently unveiled its first corporate proposal to Apple to provide a free program for iPhones.
“We recognize that GPT-4o audio presentations present new risks,” OpenAI said in a statement. Today we’re publicly releasing text and image inputs and text outputs, and in the coming weeks and months, we’ll be working on the technical infrastructure, post-training usability, and security necessary to release other methods. For example, at startup, audio outputs are limited to a set of predefined sounds and adhere to our existing security policies. We will share more details about the full range of GPT-4o methods in a future system.
OpenAI
According to the report, the generative AI market saw a staggering $29.1 billion in investment across nearly 700 deals in 2023, up more than 260 percent from the previous year. Predictions indicate that the yield of this market will exceed one trillion dollars in the next decade. However, there are concerns about the rapid deployment of untested services by academics and ethicists who are troubled by the technology’s potential to perpetuate prejudice.
Since launching in November 2022, ChatGPT’s chatbot has broken records as the fastest-growing user base in history, with nearly 100 million weekly active users. OpenAI reports that more than 92% of the world’s top 500 companies use it.
At the presentation event last night, Moratti answered some questions from the audience and when he spoke in fluent Italian and the artificial intelligence translated his words into English, the hall was filled with excitement.
There is more. This means the next time you take a selfie, OpenAI’s artificial intelligence can assess your exact emotions. All you have to do is select a selfie and ask ChatGPT to tell you how you feel.
It should be said that OpenAI employees were so happy that ChatGPT asked them why they were so happy!

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Samsung S95B OLED TV review

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Samsung S95B OLED TV
The S95B TV is Samsung’s serious attempt to enter the OLED TV market after a decade of hiatus; But can it take back the OLED throne from LG?

Samsung S95B OLED TV review

What can be placed in a container with a depth of 4 mm? For example, 40 sheets of paper or 5 bank cards; But to think that Samsung has successfully packed a large 4K OLED panel into a depth of less than 4mm that can produce more than 2000 nits of brightness is amazing. Join me as I review the Samsung S95B TV.

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MacBook Air M3 review; Lovely, powerful and economical

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MacBook Air M3 review
The MacBook Air M3, with all its performance improvements, adds to the value and economic justification of the MacBook Air M1, rather than being an ideal purchase.

MacBook Air M3 review; Lovely, powerful and economical

If you are looking for a compact, well-made and high-quality laptop that can be used in daily and light use, the MacBook Air M3 review is not for you; So close the preceding article, visit the Zomit products section and choose one of the stores to buy MacBook Air M1 ; But if you, like me, are excited to read about the developments in the world of hardware and are curious to know about the performance of the M3 chip in the Dell MacBook Air 2024 , then stay with Zoomit.

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