AI

What is the hypothesis of computer simulated worlds

Published

12 months ago

07/12/2022

pouyan

What are computer simulated worlds ? Living in a world created by a computer simulation with external observers is interesting. How substantiated and verifiable are the scientific supports of this idea?

Physicists have long been trying to explain why the universe began with conditions suitable for the evolution of life. They raise this question in other ways: Why have the conditions been such that since the beginning of the world, the development of life can take place? Why do the physical laws and constants governing the world of physics assume particular values; So that they could eventually allow stars and planets and, subsequently, life to expand?

For example, dark energy, which is thought to be the cause behind the universe’s expansion, is much weaker than it should be. Here, our “shoulds” originate from the laws and calculations of physics. Dark energy is less than the amount that physical analyses create, causing particles of matter to have a greater tendency to join each other instead of moving away from each other.

Simulated worlds

The standard answer to the questions raised is that we live in an infinite multiverse of many worlds; Therefore, we should not be surprised that among a large number of worlds, at least one world has taken a path in the shape of our world and shaped our known world.

There is another interesting answer to computer simulated worlds . This answer has not been talked about as much as the answer that relies on the idea of the multiverse and is the subject of our article: computer simulation. Perhaps our world is a computer simulation, and someone, maybe an advanced alien species, is regulating the “conditions” governing it.

The second scenario is supported and theorized by a branch of science called information physics and shows that space-time and matter are not fundamental phenomena. In this branch of physics, instead of assuming that these phenomena are considered “fundamental”, it is argued that physical reality is basically made up of pieces of information, and our experience or, in other words, our previous events of space-time also emerges from the same pieces of information. As a concrete comparison, the temperature is said to arise from the collective motion of atoms, and no atom essentially has temperature by itself.

This reading leads to an unusual possibility: perhaps our entire universe is a computer simulation. Of course, this idea is not that new. If you have been following scientific content or even science fiction stories and products, you have probably come across more or less notes or cinematic products related to the idea of a world based on computer simulation.

Maximum speed limit in our universe

Another novel phenomenon in physics that supports the simulation hypothesis or simulated worlds is the existence of a maximum speed limit in our universe. This “maximum” speed is related to the speed of light, and a speed more significant than the speed of light is impossible in our world according to the rules and physical constraints governing it.

In virtual reality, such a limitation corresponds to the restriction of processor speed or processing power and is, in a sense, the same. We know that overloading a processor slows the computer’s processing power to run the simulation. Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity shows similarly that time slows down in the vicinity of a black hole.

Among all these interpretations and arguments for scientific support of virtual reality and computer simulation, the strongest support is related to quantum mechanics. In this idea, it is suggested that nature is not “real” and that particles do not appear to exist externally in determining states (including in specific locations); Unless we observe or measure them.

Instead, the more plausible idea is that those particles exist simultaneously in a combination of different states. Such a process is also established in the world of simulation and virtual reality, and virtual reality also needs an observer or a programmer for phenomena to happen.

Furthermore, quantum entanglement allows two particles to be ghostlily connected. By manipulating or making changes in one, the other will be controlled automatically and immediately, and here the amount of their distance from each other will be irrelevant, and the entanglement will remain! We must not forget that this effect is faster than the speed of light and should be considered an “impossible” phenomenon, But this is not the case.

Possible tests about simulated worlds

Now the question arises, assuming the simulation of the universe, what kind of experiments can we do from inside the simulation (where we are located) to prove or check this issue?

It is reasonable to assume that the simulated world contains much information about the world around us. These bits of information somehow show the codes behind them. Hence, detecting and identifying these bits of information will prove the simulation hypothesis.

simulated worlds

Based on the principle of mass-energy-information equivalence (M/E/I) that has just been proposed, information bits should have little mass. The mentioned equivalence principle shows that assembly can be expressed in energy or information and vice versa. This point may give scientists some clues to search for.

It may be assumed that information is the fifth form of matter in the world. Some have even calculated the expected information content for each elementary particle. These studies led to the release of a pilot protocol in 2022 to test these predictions.

This experiment involved erasing the information contained within the fundamental particles by making it possible to destroy them and their antiparticles in a spark of energy. This is done by emitting “photons” or light particles. About the pod concept, we should mention that all particle versions of “pods” have identical particles with the opposite charge.

Information is the fifth form of matter in the universe

The same range of expected frequencies of the resulting photons is predictable based on information physics. This experiment is achievable with our existing tools, and a group of researchers have also launched a crowdfunding site to achieve it.

Meanwhile, there are other approaches. The late physicist John Barrow argued that simulation introduces minor computational errors that the programmer must correct for the system to continue working. He suggested that we might experience such fixations, followed by the sudden emergence of contradictory empirical results, Something like changing the constants of nature. Therefore, monitoring the values of these constants is another option.

The nature of our reality is one of the greatest mysteries in the universe. The more seriously we take the computer simulation hypothesis or simulated worlds , the more ability we will have to prove or disprove it in the future.

via:Theconversation

Related Topics:computer hypothetis simulation world

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AI

Artificial intelligence has had an important week

Published

3 weeks ago

12/11/2023

pouyan

Artificial intelligence has had an important week. This week has undoubtedly been one of the most important weeks for AI since the launch of ChatGPT last year.

Artificial intelligence has had an important week

According to CNN, the company OpenAI (OpenAI) unveiled the latest version of its technology, which is the basis of the popular chatbots of GPT chat. Elon Musk announced the arrival of a competitor to GPT chat called Grok, which will be added to his social platform X (formerly Twitter).

A Senate subcommittee on artificial intelligence regulations in the health care space was held in a targeted attack against OpenAI and the first artificial intelligence wearable device that aims to one day replace smartphones.

ABI Research analyst Reece Hayden says: These important cases indicate the speed of growth of the artificial intelligence market.

Hayden noted that this week was an example of what’s happening in the industry. The AI community strives to maintain innovation and competitiveness by balancing speed and momentum.

“Overall, it was a big week,” Hayden added.

Next, we take a closer look at everything that happened in this important week for artificial intelligence.

Open Eye’s big day

OpenAI hosted its first developer conference about a year after unveiling GPT Chat, which helped renew competition among tech companies to develop and deploy similar AI tools in their products.

The company unveiled a series of updates to its AI tools, including the ability for developers to create custom versions of GPT Chat, called GPT. GPTs can connect to databases, be used in emails, or facilitate e-commerce orders. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman demonstrated in minutes how easy it is for anyone with no coding experience to create a GPT.

The company is also developing a GPT Store that will launch later this month to make GPTs searchable. Similar to other app stores, the company lists useful tools in categories such as productivity, education, and “just for fun.”

Altman also demonstrated the GPT-4 Turbo, the latest version of the technology that is GPT Chat. He said it can now support entries equal to about 300 pages of a standard book, about 16 times more than the previous model.

Altman also shared more information about the platform’s growth, saying that there are currently about two million developers using the platform, and about 90 percent of Fortune 500 companies use internal tools. JPT chat currently has 100 million active users.

Artificial intelligence wearable device

Humane, a startup founded by former Apple employees, has introduced its first artificial intelligence wearable device called Ai Pin. This little flashing gadget attaches to clothing. This company plans to eventually replace smartphones by displaying information on the user’s hand and providing the ability to answer phone calls and perform various tasks without holding a smartphone.

The company also said that AI Pin is equipped with artificial intelligence and has capabilities such as searching, sending messages, and managing clutter of emails.

Running on a Snapdragon processor and powered by Qualcomm’s AI engine, the AI Pin has depth and motion sensors, an ultra-wide camera, and a laser ink display.

Arun Chandrasekaran, an analyst at Gartner, said the unveiling marks a “significant step forward in designing forward-looking hardware” for manufacturers and exploring a potentially new way of human-vehicle interaction.

Although the company promises an all-day battery, Hayden says the biggest challenge to deploying AI on a device is battery life. Given that this device is so small, it will be interesting to see if the battery life is decent.

There are other concerns as well. “Always-on artificial intelligence that collects and processes data will truly gain the full trust of a community, which is unlikely to happen now,” Hayden says.

AIPIN, which starts at $699, will be available in the US on Thursday, November 16.

Grok

X Ai announced in a blog post that it was inspired by a book called The Free Traveler’s Guide to the Galaxy, a science fiction comedy novel by British author Douglas Adams. Grok answers questions with a bit of humor and has a rebellious streak, so please don’t use it if you hate humor.

Artificial intelligence
Elon Musk’s XAI startup has unveiled a chatbot called Grok for some X users, which he says has a sarcastic sense of humor similar to his own. Musk, has owned X (former Twitter) since a year ago. Grok, he says, learns by having “instant access” to the platform’s information.

Musk said Grok is still in the early stages of testing but will soon be added to the Premium X service in the US. This service includes features like Blue Tick for $16 per month.

Musk is a co-founder of OpenEye but stepped down five years ago in part due to disagreements over how to lead the company.

A targeted attack

Two days after the developer conference, OpenAI experienced widespread service outages, which it later attributed to possible targeted attacks on its servers. The company wrote on its website Wednesday evening that it was “dealing with periodic outages due to an unusual traffic pattern that reflects an attack.”

A DDoS attack, or a denial of service attack, usually refers to flooding an Internet server with users to disrupt normal traffic.

Users were unable to access all OpenAI tools and services on Wednesday and received a message that the platform was full.

The company told CNN that no user information was compromised.

More information about artificial intelligence

Big tech companies are also continuing to double down on AI investments. Reuters reported that Amazon has invested millions of dollars to train an artificial intelligence called Olympus.

In addition, YouTube is testing artificial intelligence tools that answer questions about content, make recommendations, and summarize topics in the comments section of videos.

AI

The emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI)

Published

2 months ago

07/10/2023

pouyan

The emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI), the creation of a machine with human-like intelligence.

The emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI)

Despite recent advances in areas such as machine learning, natural language and image understanding, there is still a deep gap between building an artificially intelligent machine with human-like cognitive abilities. In this article, the nature and characteristics of AGI are investigated and factors such as human cognitive complexity, the limitation of training data and ethical challenges are introduced as the main obstacles in the path of AGI construction. Also, solutions to overcome these challenges have been suggested.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is a type of artificial intelligence that can act like humans in various domains. AGI can solve complex problems in various fields, learn and reason.

Unlike limited artificial intelligence (ANI), which is only capable in a specific domain such as playing chess or image recognition, AGI can display a wide range of cognitive abilities.

To achieve general artificial intelligence (AGI), artificial intelligence must have capabilities such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, language and text comprehension, purposeful design, creativity, and self-awareness. Machine learning algorithms such as deep learning, reinforcement learning, and binary optimization may be able to help advance AGI.

But there are still big challenges to building AGI. The human brain is very complex and current AI algorithms are not yet powerful enough. Some scientists believe that a major technological breakthrough, such as quantum computing, may be needed to achieve AGI.

There are different opinions about the exact time of the advent of AGI. Some researchers predict that AGI will be realized by 2040-2050, but others believe that it will take many more years. Of course, there are many scientists who doubt the ability of humans to create AGI.

All in all, AGI is the long-term goal of the field of artificial intelligence, but achieving it requires a lot of effort and research in the coming years. Despite recent advances in artificial intelligence, there is still a long way to go before a machine is as intelligent as a human.

What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?

Artificial General Intelligence or AGI is a type of superhuman artificial intelligence that is able to display a wide range of cognitive abilities like humans, including reasoning, problem solving, language learning, and creativity.

AGI can learn and work in different domains and situations that it has not encountered before. AGI is actually a holistic artificial intelligence system that is able to use knowledge and skills acquired in one field to solve problems and perform tasks in other fields.

AGI must be able to understand abstract concepts and use them to solve new problems. Also, AGI should be capable of continuous learning and be able to expand its knowledge independently.

In general, AGI is an artificially intelligent system that exhibits human-like cognitive abilities at a level beyond limited artificial intelligence.

Can the human brain be simulated as an AGI?

General artificial intelligence

Fully simulating the human brain as an AGI general artificial intelligence is still very difficult, and our current science and technology capabilities do not allow this. But some efforts have been made to simulate parts of the human brain to create an AGI:

Deep artificial neural networks are inspired by the structure of biological neural networks of the brain and have the ability to learn patterns.
Modeling neurons and their synaptic connections to simulate brain activity.
Using algorithms inspired by brain cognitive processes such as working memory, attention and decision making.
Simulation of brain structures such as cerebral cortex, hippocampus and reward circuits to model their functions.
Using methods such as reinforcement learning to learn movement and interaction skills.

But there is still a long way to fully simulate the human brain. The high complexity of the structure and function of the human brain is the most challenging obstacle in this path. So in the near future we may see partial and limited simulations of the brain, not a complete simulation.

What is the difference between AI and ASI and AGI?

General artificial intelligence

AI (Artificial Intelligence) generally refers to systems that are capable of performing tasks and activities that normally require human intelligence. Such as machine learning and robotics systems.

AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) is a kind of superhuman artificial intelligence that can show a wide range of cognitive abilities like humans and solve problems in different fields.

ASI (Superhuman Artificial Intelligence) is an artificial intelligence whose cognitive abilities exceed human and are far higher than human intelligence. ASI can learn independently of humans and increase its intelligence rapidly.

The main difference between AGI and ASI is their intelligence and ability. AGI operates on a human-like level while ASI is far more intelligent than humans. Of course, AGI can eventually become ASI with continuous learning.

Overall:

AI includes any type of intelligent system that performs specific tasks.
AGI can act like a human but is limited to the level of human intelligence.
ASI is much smarter than humans and has higher cognitive abilities.

the final conclusion

Despite recent significant advances in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning, there is still a considerable distance to build a general artificial intelligence with human-like cognitive abilities. The very high complexity of the human brain and the lack of sufficient algorithms and hardware are among the most important technical challenges ahead.

In addition, there are ethical and regulatory issues that must be addressed before AGI can be developed. Given the current situation, it seems unlikely that we will see the emergence of AGI in the next two decades. The full realization of AGI is likely to take at least the middle of this century or beyond, unless there are fundamental and unexpected advances in the related sciences. However, the path of research and development in this field should be continued seriously.

Source: TECHTARGET

AI

What is Bioprinting and what are its uses?

Published

2 months ago

07/10/2023

pouyan

Bioprinting is a relatively new technology that enables the creation of biological structures and living tissues using layer-by-layer methods. In bioprinting, biological materials such as cells, proteins and biopolymers are used instead of ink.

There are different methods for bioprinting, including extrusion, laser and inkjet. Bioprinting has many applications in medicine, such as making artificial organs, tissue repair, and drug production. Bioprinting is also expected to play an important role in the future of medicine as technology advances.

What is bioprinting ?

Bioprinting is an emerging technology that uses layer-by-layer methods to build biological structures and living tissues. In bioprinting, living cells and biomaterials such as proteins and biocompatible materials are layered on top of each other to create tissues and organs similar to the natural tissue of the human body.

There are different methods for bioprinting:

Extrusion bioprint: In this method, biological materials such as cells, proteins and biopolymers are printed from a nozzle in a layer on top of each other.
Laser bioprint: In this method, a laser is used to print cells layer by layer. The laser causes the cells to stick and fuse together.
Inkjet bioprinting: Similar to inkjet printers, cells and biomaterials are printed instead of ink.

There are three main types of devices for bioprint:

Extrusion bioprinting devices that print materials using pressure.
Droplet bioprinting devices that print drops of material.
Laser bioprinting devices that stick materials layer by layer using a laser.

Applications of bioprint

what is bioprinting

The applications of bioprinting will be very wide in the future. Among the most important applications, the following can be mentioned:

Making artificial organs and transplanting organs: by using the patient’s stem cells, organs such as kidney, liver, heart, etc. can be bioprinted and used for transplantation.
Repair of damaged tissues: Bioprint can be used to repair burns, wounds and spinal cord injuries.
Production of personalized drugs: drugs can be personalized and bioprinted based on the patient’s cells.
Research on drugs and scientific experiments: Fabricated tissues can be used for drug testing and scientific studies.
Food printing: Bioprinting can be used to produce food in the future.
Making laboratory models of organs and tissues: these models are used to test drugs and study diseases.
Fabrication of artificial skin: bioprinted skins have been used to treat severe burns.
Making a scaffold or mold for angiogenesis: Scaffolds are made from bioprint in such a way as to cause the growth of blood vessels in the damaged tissue.
Making artificial cartilage: Bioprinted cartilage is used to repair damaged cartilage.
Artificial bone and membrane construction: Bone and membrane constructed tissues are used to replace damaged tissues.
Printing drugs and pills: Drugs can be printed using cells and biological materials.

Of course, there are still many challenges in the field of bioprint. including problems such as providing blood supply to the printed tissues, the high cost of the process, and the complexity of making large structures. But with the advancement of technology, bioprinting is expected to play an important role in the future of medicine and the production of biological materials. Stem cells and bioprinting can change the future of disease treatment.

Combining artificial intelligence and bioprinting

what is bioprinting

It is possible to use a combination of artificial intelligence and bioprinting. Some examples of this combination can be mentioned:

Designing and optimizing the structure of tissues: artificial intelligence can suggest optimal patterns and structures for printing tissues.
Print process control: Artificial intelligence can control and optimize the print process online.
Texture image analysis: Using artificial intelligence techniques such as deep learning, printed textures can be analyzed.
Simulating the behavior of tissues: Artificial intelligence can simulate the behavior of living tissues to optimize the bioprint process.
Automation of processes: artificial intelligence can automate parts of the bioprinting process and reduce errors.
Design of biocompatible materials: Artificial intelligence algorithms are used for the optimal design of materials and biomaterials used in bioprinting.

Therefore, it is expected that in the future we will see the convergence and use of artificial intelligence and bioprinting, which will lead to many improvements.

Bioprinting and superhuman powers

Bioprint is a very new technology and using it to create superhuman powers in humans is currently considered unethical and illegal. However, a few points should be noted in this regard:

It is possible to increase human physical strength by bioprint stronger muscles and bones, but this technology is still very immature.
Bioprinting of the brain and nerves can increase human mental and cognitive capacity, but it also has the risk of irreparable damage.
Genetic modification of embryos with CRISPR can create desirable traits in humans, but it has many ethical considerations.
Brain implants such as Neuralink can extend mental capabilities but are still in the experimental stages.
Creating superhuman powers can cause unpredictable side effects in humans.

Conclusion

Bioprint is one of the emerging and very promising technologies in the field of medicine and tissue engineering. This technology is able to create tissues and organs similar to the human body through layer-by-layer printing of cells and biological materials.

There are different methods for bioprinting, which include extrusion, laser and inkjet, and various devices have been designed and built to perform this process.

Bioprinting is expected to find many applications in the near future in the field of artificial organ manufacturing, tissue engineering, personalized medical treatments, etc. Of course, there are still challenges in this field that require more research and development so that bioprinting can achieve commercial and wide applications. All in all, this technology is expected to create a huge revolution in the field of medicine and biotechnology in the not too distant future.

via: CELLINK